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The voter turnout rate is a mathematical expression that indicates how many eligible voters participated in an election. A variety of factors can factor into calculations of voter turnout. For the purposes of this article, voter turnout rates are expressed as follows:

  1. Full ballots cast: This charge per unit reflects the full number of ballots bandage in a jurisdiction divided by the total number of eligible voters in that jurisdiction.
  2. Full ballots cast for highest office: This rate reflects the total number of ballots cast for the highest office in a jurisdiction divided past the total number of eligible voters in that jurisdiction. In presidential ballot years, the presidency is the highest office on the ballot in every state. In non-presidential ballot years, the highest office on the ballot varies from state to state.

Overview

The tabular array beneath presents national voter turnout rates for each federal ballot year from 2002 to 2020.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [seven] [eight]

Voter turnout rates in the The states, 2002-2020 (expressed as a pct of eligible voters)
Year Total ballots cast Full ballots bandage for highest function
2020 66.77% 66.21%
2018 50.30% 49.seventy%
2016 60.20% 59.30%
2014 36.70% 36.00%
2012 58.60% 58.00%
2010 41.lxxx% 41.00%
2008 62.20% 61.threescore%
2006 41.30% twoscore.40%
2004 60.70% 60.lxx%
2002 40.l% 50.10%

The line graphs and tables below nowadays more detailed information on voter turnout rates in the United States from 2002 to 2020.

Voter turnout in terms of total ballots cast, 2002-2020

Voter turnout rates in the United States, 2002-2020 (total ballots bandage expressed every bit a percent of eligible voters)
Country 2020 2018 2016 2014 2012 2010 2008 2006 2004 2002
Alabama 63.thirteen% 47.30% 59.30% 33.xx% North/A 43.30% 61.00% N/A 57.twoscore% NA
Alaska 68.76% 54.60% 61.80% 54.80% 58.ninety% 52.90% 68.thirty% 51.twenty% 69.60% 54.fifty%
Arizona 65.92% 49.ten% 56.20% 34.10% 53.00% 41.60% 57.40% 39.60% 54.80% 36.seventy%
Arkansas 56.07% 41.40% 53.10% twoscore.30% 51.x% 37.90% 52.90% 38.90% 54.xl% 41.seventy%
California 68.50% 49.threescore% 58.40% 30.70% 55.70% 45.ninety% 61.70% 41.twenty% 59.sixty% 37.xxx%
Colorado 76.41% 63.00% 72.10% 54.70% 70.lx% 51.70% 71.60% 48.10% 67.30% 46.lx%
Connecticut 71.49% 54.40% 65.40% 42.50% 61.40% 45.ninety% North/A 47.70% 66.20% 45.x%
Delaware 70.68% 51.twoscore% 64.60% 34.90% North/A 49.00% 65.lxxx% 42.90% 64.50% NA
District of Columbia 64.08% 43.seventy% 61.10% 35.70% 61.60% 29.60% 61.70% 28.lxx% 54.90% NA
Florida 71.66% 54.xc% 65.70% 43.xxx% 63.30% 42.20% 66.60% 40.10% 64.70% 45.90%
Georgia 68.03% 55.00% 59.xc% 38.sixty% 59.thirty% 40.sixty% 62.70% 35.10% 56.40% NA
Hawaii 57.52% 39.30% 43.00% 36.50% 44.50% 40.30% 49.00% 38.40% 48.50% 44.20%
Idaho 67.96% l.00% 60.ninety% 39.80% 61.00% 42.90% 64.lxxx% 46.20% 64.80% 45.20%
Illinois 67.02% 51.twoscore% 63.40% 40.80% 59.xxx% 43.10% 64.30% 41.40% 62.40% 42.lxxx%
Indiana 61.37% 46.90% 57.90% 28.70% 56.00% 38.10% 60.30% 37.seventy% 55.fourscore% NA
Iowa 73.25% 57.70% 69.00% 50.xxx% 70.lx% l.70% 69.70% 49.20% seventy.threescore% 48.70%
Kansas 65.86% 51.20% 59.70% 43.30% 58.20% 42.lx% 63.l% 44.thirty% 62.90% 44.xc%
Kentucky 64.94% 48.threescore% 59.70% 44.90% 56.20% 44.30% 59.00% 44.20% 59.40% NA
Louisiana 64.30% 44.80% 60.60% 44.90% 60.fourscore% 40.00% 61.lxxx% 31.forty% 61.50% 40.10%
Maine 76.32% 60.20% 72.80% 58.70% 69.30% 55.xc% 71.lxxx% Northward/A 74.90% NA
Maryland 71.ten% 54.twenty% 67.xx% 42.00% 67.30% 46.seventy% 67.80% 47.xx% 63.10% 46.80%
Massachusetts 72.11% 54.lx% 68.30% 44.seventy% 66.20% 49.40% 67.30% 49.30% 64.lx% 49.80%
Michigan 73.90% 57.80% 65.70% 43.20% 65.40% 45.x% 69.70% 52.80% 67.ten% 45.00%
Minnesota 79.96% 64.20% 74.80% l.60% 76.forty% 55.80% 78.ten% threescore.50% 78.eighty% NA
Mississippi 60.17% 42.70% N/A N/A N/A Northward/A N/A N/A NA NA
Missouri 65.47% 53.40% 62.thirty% 33.60% N/A 45.70% 68.20% 51.20% 66.x% NA
Montana 73.10% 62.00% 64.30% 47.50% 63.50% 48.40% 67.10% 57.x% 65.20% 49.seventy%
Nebraska 69.89% 51.80% 63.80% 41.forty% 61.x% 38.70% 63.70% 48.fourscore% 64.10% NA
Nevada 65.36% 47.50% 57.xxx% 29.threescore% 56.50% 41.40% 57.20% 37.10% 55.40% 36.eighty%
New Hampshire 75.46% 54.sixty% 72.50% 48.thirty% 70.xc% 46.10% 72.l% 42.ninety% 71.fifty% 48.seventy%
New Jersey 75.27% 53.ten% 65.50% 32.50% 62.twenty% 37.70% 67.70% 40.threescore% 64.twenty% 38.90%
New Mexico 61.25% 47.30% 55.20% N/A 54.fourscore% 44.70% 61.xx% 43.ten% 60.forty% forty.00%
New York 63.57% 45.20% 57.xxx% 29.00% 53.l% 36.30% 59.sixty% 36.l% 58.fifty% 37.00%
North Carolina 71.48% 49.60% 65.20% 41.xx% 65.40% 39.80% 66.x% 32.50% 58.70% NA
Northward Dakota 64.45% 58.60% 61.xc% 45.00% 60.40% 46.60% 63.60% 45.40% 65.l% 49.eighty%
Ohio 67.43% 50.90% 64.xx% 36.20% 65.10% 46.20% 67.80% 49.50% 67.xc% 40.30%
Oklahoma 54.99% 42.50% N/A 30.00% Northward/A 39.10% 56.30% N/A NA NA
Oregon 75.52% 61.l% 68.30% 53.xl% 64.20% 53.90% 68.xxx% 53.20% 72.60% 51.80%
Pennsylvania 71.fourteen% 51.40% N/A 36.50% N/A 42.40% 64.20% N/A NA NA
Rhode Island 65.34% 48.10% 59.70% 42.forty% North/A 45.40% 62.30% 52.x% 58.xc% 45.40%
Southward Carolina 64.51% 45.20% 57.xxx% 35.xx% 56.eighty% 40.thirty% 58.xx% 35.40% 53.20% NA
S Dakota 65.97% 53.thirty% 59.90% 44.seventy% sixty.x% 53.xc% 65.60% 58.fourscore% 69.40% 61.20%
Tennessee 59.81% 45.10% Northward/A 29.80% 52.30% 35.10% 57.40% 42.10% 56.80% NA
Texas lx.42% 46.thirty% 51.60% N/A North/A 32.70% N/A N/A NA 34.50%
Utah 69.17% 52.00% 57.70% 30.30% 56.10% 36.lxxx% 57.10% 35.00% 59.80% 37.80%
Vermont 74.21% 55.xc% 64.80% forty.80% 61.20% 49.80% 67.lxx% 55.00% 66.lxx% 49.twoscore%
Virginia 73.00% 54.fourscore% N/A 36.80% 66.60% 39.10% 67.60% 44.50% 61.10% 32.xxx%
Washington 75.71% 58.ninety% 65.70% 43.10% 65.80% 54.30% 67.30% 47.30% 67.fifty% 43.50%
W Virginia 57.58% 42.l% N/A 32.00% Northward/A 37.20% 51.20% 33.80% 55.x% 31.50%
Wisconsin 75.77% 61.seventy% Northward/A 56.90% 65.eighty% 52.40% 72.70% 53.70% 75.30% NA
Wyoming 64.56% 48.70% lx.40% 39.70% 59.00% 46.00% 63.10% 51.fourscore% 66.30% 50.80%
United States 66.77% 50.33% 60.20% 36.70% 58.60% 41.eight% 62.2% 41.xxx% 60.70% 40.50%
N/A: Information was unavailable for this state in this year.
Source: United States Elections Project, "Voter Turnout," accessed February 23, 2022

Voter turnout in terms of total ballots cast for highest function, 2002-2020

Voter turnout rates in the United states, 2002-2020 (full ballots cast for highest function expressed as a percentage of eligible voters)
Country 2020 2018 2016 2014 2012 2010 2008 2006 2004 2002
Alabama 63.08% 47.20% 59.00% 32.90% 58.sixty% 43.00% 60.eighty% 37.50% 57.40% 39.50%
Alaska 68.41% 54.thirty% 61.xxx% 54.twenty% 58.70% 51.90% 68.00% 51.00% 69.60% 41.50%
Arizona 65.27% 48.sixty% 55.00% 33.40% 52.60% 41.00% 56.70% 38.90% 54.80% 54.20%
Arkansas 55.86% 41.40% 52.eighty% xl.x% 50.lxx% 37.fifty% 52.l% 38.70% 54.40% 35.90%
California 67.41% 48.60% 56.70% 29.90% 55.10% 44.00% lx.90% 40.twenty% 59.lx% 41.thirty%
Colorado 75.51% 63.00% 70.10% 53.70% 69.ninety% l.60% 71.00% 47.30% 67.30% 36.x%
Connecticut 70.07% 54.40% 64.twenty% 42.30% 61.xxx% 45.90% 66.60% 46.60% 66.20% 46.30%
Delaware 70.00% 51.00% 64.40% 34.30% 62.xxx% 47.50% 65.60% 42.xxx% 64.50% 42.30%
District of Columbia 63.69% 42.l% sixty.ninety% 35.xxx% 61.fifty% 28.xc% 61.l% 28.30% 54.90% 41.10%
Florida 71.17% 53.30% 64.60% 42.80% 62.80% 41.70% 66.10% 39.60% 64.seventy% 30.x%
Georgia 67.72% 54.xc% 59.xx% 38.twenty% 59.00% 39.lxxx% 62.50% 34.70% 56.twoscore% 45.60%
Hawaii 57.00% 38.50% 42.xx% 36.20% 44.twenty% 39.ninety% 48.80% 37.90% 48.50% 35.twoscore%
Idaho 67.xv% 49.twoscore% 59.x% 39.30% 59.80% 42.30% 63.60% 45.forty% 64.lxxx% 43.lxxx%
Illinois 66.84% l.70% 61.xc% 40.20% 58.90% 42.twoscore% 63.lx% 40.20% 62.40% 44.70%
Indiana threescore.66% 46.40% 56.40% 27.lxxx% 55.xx% 37.10% 59.ten% 36.60% 55.lxxx% 41.40%
Iowa 72.85% 57.forty% 68.40% 49.80% 70.thirty% 49.90% 69.40% 48.10% seventy.threescore% 33.xc%
Kansas 65.79% fifty.xc% 57.seventy% 42.50% 56.90% 41.70% 62.00% 43.sixty% 62.90% 47.90%
Kentucky 64.51% 47.xxx% 58.seventy% 44.20% 55.seventy% 42.40% 57.90% 40.forty% 59.40% 44.00%
Louisiana 63.67% 43.00% 60.00% 43.90% 60.xx% 38.90% 61.20% 29.70% 61.50% 37.20%
Maine 75.51% 59.10% 70.l% 58.x% 68.xx% 55.20% 70.60% 54.20% 74.90% 39.40%
Maryland 70.41% 53.l% 66.60% 41.70% 66.lx% 46.xl% 67.00% 46.70% 63.x% 50.lxxx%
Massachusetts 71.58% 53.lxx% 67.20% 44.10% 65.ninety% 48.90% 66.80% 48.80% 64.lx% 46.30%
Michigan 73.37% 56.60% 64.lxx% 42.70% 64.70% 44.l% 69.20% 52.10% 67.10% 49.20%
Minnesota 79.57% 63.90% 74.20% 50.40% 76.00% 55.40% 77.80% 60.ten% 78.80% 44.fifty%
Mississippi 59.67% 42.50% 55.60% 29.00% 59.30% 37.00% 61.00% 29.40% N/A 64.10%
Missouri 65.74% 53.xl% 62.thirty% 31.70% 62.20% 44.50% 67.60% 50.00% 66.ten% 30.10%
Montana 72.33% 64.10% 61.80% 46.xc% 62.50% 47.50% 66.30% 56.40% 65.20% 45.sixty%
Nebraska 69.13% 51.20% 62.50% 40.50% 60.xxx% 37.50% 62.90% 47.60% 64.x% 48.twoscore%
Nevada 65.25% 47.40% 57.30% 29.30% 56.40% 41.30% 57.00% 36.90% 55.40% 39.xc%
New Hampshire 74.58% 54.40% 71.40% 47.60% 70.20% 45.70% 71.70% 41.40% 71.50% 36.20%
New Bailiwick of jersey 73.87% 51.80% 64.10% 31.10% 61.l% 36.xl% 67.00% 39.l% 64.20% 48.10%
New United mexican states sixty.97% 47.00% 54.80% 35.40% 54.60% 42.fourscore% lx.90% 42.fifty% lx.40% 38.10%
New York 63.03% 44.thirty% 56.fourscore% 28.20% 53.x% 35.50% 59.00% 34.90% 58.50% 38.threescore%
Due north Carolina 71.20% 48.70% 64.lxxx% xl.eighty% 64.80% 39.20% 65.50% 31.00% 58.70% 36.10%
North Dakota 64.02% 57.80% 60.xc% 43.80% 59.eighty% 46.twenty% 62.seventy% 44.90% 65.50% 39.70%
Ohio 66.85% 50.ten% 62.90% 35.10% 64.50% 44.ninety% 66.ninety% 47.50% 67.90% 48.l%
Oklahoma 54.84% 42.forty% 52.forty% 29.ninety% 49.20% 38.80% 55.80% 36.40% Due north/A 38.80%
Oregon 74.28% 60.00% 66.40% 50.90% 63.10% 52.70% 67.70% 52.50% 72.60% 41.20%
Pennsylvania 70.69% 51.twoscore% 63.lx% 36.ten% 59.50% 41.lxx% 63.60% 44.10% N/A 50.80%
Rhode Island 64.75% 47.50% 59.00% 41.70% 58.00% 44.80% 61.80% 51.00% 58.ninety% 38.80%
South Carolina 64.01% 44.lxx% 56.70% 34.80% 56.xxx% 39.seventy% 58.00% 34.lx% 53.20% 44.70%
South Dakota 65.21% 53.00% 58.fifty% 44.30% 59.30% 52.ninety% 64.70% 57.80% 69.twoscore% 36.90%
Tennessee 59.59% 44.60% 51.20% 28.sixty% 51.90% 34.60% 57.00% 41.40% 56.80% 60.lxx%
Texas 60.24% 46.30% 51.60% 28.30% 49.threescore% 32.10% 54.10% 30.90% Due north/A 39.60%
Utah 67.91% 51.20% 56.seventy% 29.70% 55.l% 36.30% 56.00% 34.30% 59.lxxx% 34.xx%
Vermont 73.l% 55.10% 63.70% 38.90% lx.70% 49.forty% 67.30% 54.ninety% 66.70% 37.00%
Virginia 71.99% 54.60% 66.10% 36.60% 66.x% 38.70% 67.00% 44.00% 61.10% 48.80%
Washington 75.17% 58.10% 64.80% 41.xx% 64.80% 53.twenty% 66.60% 47.30% 67.50% 29.00%
West Virginia 57.00% 41.70% 50.10% 31.twenty% 46.30% 36.eighty% 49.90% 32.fourscore% 55.x% 41.fourscore%
Wisconsin 75.50% 61.threescore% 69.xl% 56.60% 72.ninety% 52.00% 72.40% 53.20% 75.30% 31.20%
Wyoming 64.16% 48.twenty% 59.70% 39.00% 58.60% 45.50% 62.80% 51.10% 66.30% 45.40%
Us 66.21% 49.70% 59.thirty% 36.00% 58.00% 41.0% 61.vi% 40.twoscore% 60.70% 50.10%
N/A: Information was unavailable for this state in this year.
Source: Usa Elections Project, "Voter Turnout," accessed Feb 23, 2022

Voter turnout rates by year

Run across the tables below for information on voter turnout rates by country and by yr. For tables whose contents are hidden, click "[show]" on the righthand side of the table header.

2020

Voter turnout in the United states, 2020
State Turnout every bit a percentage of total ballots bandage Turnout as a percent of total ballots bandage for highest office
Alabama 66.77% 66.21%
Alaska 68.76% 68.41%
Arizona 65.92% 65.27%
Arkansas 56.07% 55.86%
California 68.l% 67.41%
Colorado 76.41% 75.51%
Connecticut 71.49% 70.07%
Delaware 70.68% lxx.00%
District of Columbia 64.08% 63.69%
Florida 71.66% 71.17%
Georgia 68.03% 67.72%
Hawaii 57.52% 57.00%
Idaho 67.96% 67.15%
Illinois 67.02% 66.84%
Indiana 61.37% 60.66%
Iowa 73.25% 72.85%
Kansas 65.86% 65.79%
Kentucky 64.94% 64.51%
Louisiana 64.30% 63.67%
Maine 76.32% 75.51%
Maryland 71.10% 70.41%
Massachusetts 72.11% 71.58%
Michigan 73.90% 73.37%
Minnesota 79.96% 79.57%
Mississippi 60.17% 59.67%
Missouri 65.74% 65.74%
Montana 73.ten% 72.33%
Nebraska 69.89% 69.xiii%
Nevada 65.36% 65.25%
New Hampshire 75.46% 74.58%
New Jersey 75.27% 73.87%
New United mexican states 61.25% threescore.97%
New York 63.57% 63.03%
Due north Carolina 71.48% 71.xx%
North Dakota 64.45% 64.02%
Ohio 67.43% 66.85%
Oklahoma 54.99% 54.84%
Oregon 75.52% 74.28%
Pennsylvania 71.xiv% 70.69%
Rhode Island 65.34% 64.75%
S Carolina 64.51% 64.01%
South Dakota 65.97% 65.21%
Tennessee 59.81% 59.59%
Texas 60.42% lx.24%
Utah 69.17% 67.91%
Vermont 74.21% 73.50%
Virginia 73.00% 71.99%
Washington 75.71% 75.17%
West Virginia 57.58% 57.00%
Wisconsin 75.77% 75.l%
Wyoming 64.56% 64.16%
United States 66.77% 66.21%
Northward/A: Information was unavailable for this land in this year.
Source: U.s.a. Elections Project, "2020 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed February 23, 2022

2018

2016

2014

2012

2010

2008

2006

Historical news coverage and studies

Click "[Bear witness more than]" below to run into a sampling of historical news articles and studies dealing with the topic of voter turnout in the United States.

Show more than

News articles

June 2014

  • Ballot Access News, "California Primary Turnout Likely to be Lowest in Country History," June 4, 2014
  • Contra Costa Times, "Oakland Tribune editorial: Highest profile Associates race is far from over," June four, 2014
  • National Journal, "Not Even Complimentary Weed Will Get People to Vote in a Primary," June 4, 2014
  • Los Angeles Times, "Analysis Poor California chief turnout explained: Contented people stay home ," June iv, 2014
  • Star Ledger, "Despite some large races, voter turnout average in western Union County," June 3, 2014

May 2014

  • Trib Live, "Blowsy state election law blamed for low turnout," May 25, 2014
  • San Jose Mercury-News, "California election: Voter malaise might bring tape-low master turnout," May 25, 2014
  • Evansville Courier & Press, "EDITORIAL: Henderson voter turnout embarassing," May 23, 2014
  • Philadelphia Urban center Paper, "Voter turnout dismal, simply Democrats manage to pick Tom Wolf to take on Corbett," May 22, 2014
  • News-Lookout man, "Allen Canton primary election turnout: 12.04 percent," May seven, 2014
  • Chronicle-Telegram, "Voter turnout for primary ballot 'abysmal'," May 7, 2014

November 2013

  • Independent Voter Network, "Abysmal Voter Turnout in 2013: A Sign Voting Should Be Easier," Nov 12, 2013

June 2013

  • Independent Voter Network, "Voter turnout in the U.s.a.: How depression tin you go?" June 4, 2013

March 2013

  • Washington Post, "The states with the highest and everyman turnout in 2012, in 2 charts," March 12, 2013

Studies and analysis

  • University of California Santa Cruz, "New book examines states' influence on national voter turnout," May 21, 2014
  • Brookings Institution, "Telling Americans to Vote, or Else," October 5, 2011
  • Brookings Institution, " Moroccan Roulette: What Happens if You Hold an Election and Nobody Comes?" August 24, 2007
  • University of Adelaide, "Low Voter Turnout in the U.s.a.: Is Compulsory Voting a Feasible Solution?" April 2006 Published in the Journal of Theoretical Politics Volume Number 18, No. two
  • Cato Institute, "Three Myths about Voter Turnout in the United states," September 14, 2004
  • The states Census, "The Decline in American Voter Turnout," November 1991

See as well

  • Election coverage on Ballotpedia
  • Voting policy
  • Agenda of ballot dates

Recent news

The link beneath is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Voter turnout United States. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

Footnotes

  1. United States Election Project, "2020 November General Ballot Turnout Rates," accessed Feb 23, 2022
  2. United States Elections Project, "2018 November General Ballot Turnout Rates," accessed February 25, 2019
  3. United States Elections Project, "2016 Nov General Election Turnout Rates," accessed October 5, 2017
  4. U.s. Elections Projection, "2014 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed Oct v, 2017
  5. United States Elections Projection, "2012 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed October 5, 2017
  6. United States Elections Project, "2010 November Full general Ballot Turnout Rates," accessed Oct 5, 2017
  7. U.s.a. Elections Project, "2008 Nov General Election Turnout Rates," accessed October 5, 2017
  8. U.s. Elections Project, "2006 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed Oct 5, 2017